本文主要介绍ModSecurity OWASP核心规则集的两种配置模式。
OWASP规则的官方Github下载地址：https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset。
OWASP V3核心规则集目前支持两种配置模式：
1、异常评分模式（默认）；
2、独立控制模式；
异常评分模式，也可称为"协同检测模式"，在此模式下，当检测到威胁时，并不会直接阻断此次访问，而是向下继续进行规则匹配，每个匹配成功的规则都会增加"异常分数"，在对客户端发起的请求数据检测结束时，以及对返回数据检测结束时，都会对异常分数的总和进行判断，如果大于设置的阈值，才会进行阻断动作，并向客户端返回403代码，审计日志中也会记录此次访问中所有匹配成功的规则信息。
独立控制模式，此模式是V2版本规则集的默认模式，它的工作方式是，只要有一条规则匹配成功，便拦截此次访问，审计日志中也只会记录第一次检测到威胁的规则信息。
因此，通过上述描述我们可以简单得出两种模式的优缺点：
异常评分模式：由于每次请求都会匹配所有规则，因此在高并发情况下，效率相对较低，服务器资源占用较高，但误报率相对较低；
独立控制模式：检测到一次威胁就直接阻断请求，因此在高并发情况下，效率相对较高，服务器资源占用较小，但误报率相对较高。除此之外该模式还有一个优点，即可以通过全局配置，设置当访问被拦截后，跳转到自定义的提示页面。
如何配置跳转到自定义提示页面，可参见http://modsecurity.cn/practice/post/8.html。
在配置上，两者配置区别如下（在crs-setup.conf中进行配置）：
异常评分模式：
SecDefaultAction "phase:1,log,auditlog,pass" SecDefaultAction "phase:2,log,auditlog,pass"
由于是所有规则都进行匹配，因此SecDefaultAction没有使用"deny"关键词，而是"pass"，即检测到威胁后继续下一规则的匹配。其中log代表记录错误日志，通常内容记录在WEB服务的错误日志文件中，auditlog代表记录审计日志，保存此次请求的详细信息。如不需要记录log或auditlog，直接删除对应的关键词即可。
独立控制模式：
SecDefaultAction "phase:1,log,auditlog,deny,status:403" SecDefaultAction "phase:2,log,auditlog,deny,status:403"
此配置表示，只要检测到威胁，则使用"deny"关键词对此次访问进行阻断，同时向服务器返回403错误代码。
在审计日志中，我们也能看到明显的差异，比如模拟一次简单的攻击，如http://服务器IP/?param=%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(1);%3C/script%3E，两种模式所记录的审计日志如下（主要看日志的H部分）：
异常评分模式下的审计日志：
---5WCHvu3z---A-- [22/May/2020:17:16:14 +0800] 159013897435.560455 116.255.132.12 5289 172.21.0.15 80 ---5WCHvu3z---B-- GET /?param=%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(1);%3C/script%3E HTTP/1.1 Host: 49.233.80.239 Connection: keep-alive Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36 Cookie: memSize=1838 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 ---5WCHvu3z---D-- ---5WCHvu3z---E-- <html>\x0d\x0a<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\x0d\x0a<body>\x0d\x0a<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\x0d\x0a<hr><center>nginx/1.16.1</center>\x0d\x0a</body>\x0d\x0a</html>\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a ---5WCHvu3z---F-- HTTP/1.1 403 Server: nginx/1.16.1 Date: Fri, 22 May 2020 09:16:14 GMT Content-Length: 555 Content-Type: text/html Connection: keep-alive ---5WCHvu3z---H-- ModSecurity: Warning. detected XSS using libinjection. [file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf"] [line "37"] [id ""] [rev ""] [msg "XSS Attack Detected via libinjection"] [data "Matched Data: XSS data found within ARGS:param: "><script>alert(1);</script>"] [severity "2"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.2.0"] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [tag "application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-xss"] [tag "paranoia-level/1"] [tag "OWASP_CRS"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-8"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-22"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A3"] [tag "OWASP_AppSensor/IE1"] [tag "CAPEC-242"] [hostname "172.21.0.15"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "159013897435.560455"] [ref "v12,28t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls"] ModSecurity: Warning. Matched "Operator `Rx' with parameter `(?i)<script[^>]*>[\s\S]*?' against variable `ARGS:param' (Value: `"><script>alert(1);</script>' ) [file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf"] [line "68"] [id ""] [rev ""] [msg "XSS Filter - Category 1: Script Tag Vector"] [data "Matched Data: <script> found within ARGS:param: "><script>alert(1);</script>"] [severity "2"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.2.0"] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [tag "application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-xss"] [tag "paranoia-level/1"] [tag "OWASP_CRS"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-8"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-22"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A3"] [tag "OWASP_AppSensor/IE1"] [tag "CAPEC-242"] [hostname "172.21.0.15"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "159013897435.560455"] [ref "o2,8v12,28t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls"] ModSecurity: Warning. Matched "Operator `Rx' with parameter `(?i:(?:<\w[\s\S]*[\s\/]|['\"](?:[\s\S]*[\s\/])?)(?:on(?:d(?:e(?:vice(?:(?:orienta|mo)tion|proximity|found|light)|livery(?:success|error)|activate)|r(?:ag(?:e(?:n(?:ter|d)|xit)|(?:gestur|leav)e|start|d (3146 characters omitted)' against variable `ARGS:param' (Value: `"><script>alert(1);</script>' ) [file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf"] [line "205"] [id ""] [rev ""] [msg "NoScript XSS InjectionChecker: HTML Injection"] [data "Matched Data: <script found within ARGS:param: "><script>alert(1);</script>"] [severity "2"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.2.0"] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [tag "application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-xss"] [tag "paranoia-level/1"] [tag "OWASP_CRS"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-8"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-22"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A3"] [tag "OWASP_AppSensor/IE1"] [tag "CAPEC-242"] [hostname "172.21.0.15"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "159013897435.560455"] [ref "o2,7o19,8v12,28t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls"] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 2). Matched "Operator `Ge' with parameter `5' against variable `TX:ANOMALY_SCORE' (Value: `15' ) [file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/REQUEST-949-BLOCKING-EVALUATION.conf"] [line "79"] [id ""] [rev ""] [msg "Inbound Anomaly Score Exceeded (Total Score: 15)"] [data ""] [severity "2"] [ver ""] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [tag "application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-generic"] [hostname "172.21.0.15"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "159013897435.560455"] [ref ""]
上述审计日志表示，此次访问，分别触发了ID为941100、941110、941160三条规则，最终ID为949110的规则对异常分数的总和进行判断，发现大于设置的阈值，便执行阻断操作，向客户端返回403错误代码，拦截此次访问。
此次拦截在异常评分模式下涉及到的规则以及触发流程如下：
首先，是REQUEST-901-INITIALIZATION.conf文件中的三条规则，ID分别为901100、901120、901140，内容如下所示：
SecRule &TX:inbound_anomaly_score_threshold "@eq 0" \ "id:901100,\ phase:1,\ pass,\ nolog,\ setvar:'tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold=5'" SecRule &TX:paranoia_level "@eq 0" \ "id:901120,\ phase:1,\ pass,\ nolog,\ setvar:'tx.paranoia_level=1'" SecRule &TX:critical_anomaly_score "@eq 0" \ "id:901140,\ phase:1,\ pass,\ nolog,\ setvar:'tx.critical_anomaly_score=5'"
此三条规则通过setvar关键字分别初始了三个变量的值，tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold为5，tx.paranoia_level为1，tx.critical_anomaly_score为5，其中tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold为最终判断是否要阻断此次请求的阈值。
然后，此次访问分别触发了REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf文件中的三条规则，ID分别为941100、941110、941160，内容如下：
SecRule REQUEST_COOKIES|!REQUEST_COOKIES:/__utm/|REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent|ARGS_NAMES|ARGS|XML:/* "@detectXSS" \
"id:941100,\
phase:2,\
block,\
t:none,t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls,\
msg:'XSS Attack Detected via libinjection',\
logdata:'Matched Data: XSS data found within %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}: %{MATCHED_VAR}',\
tag:'application-multi',\
tag:'language-multi',\
tag:'platform-multi',\
tag:'attack-xss',\
tag:'paranoia-level/1',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-8',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-22',\
tag:'OWASP_TOP_10/A3',\
tag:'OWASP_AppSensor/IE1',\
tag:'CAPEC-242',\
ctl:auditLogParts=+E,\
ver:'OWASP_CRS/3.2.0',\
severity:'CRITICAL',\
setvar:'tx.xss_score=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}',\
setvar:'tx.anomaly_score_pl1=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}'"
SecRule REQUEST_COOKIES|!REQUEST_COOKIES:/__utm/|REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES|REQUEST_FILENAME|REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent|REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer|ARGS_NAMES|ARGS|XML:/* "@rx (?i)<script[^>]*>[\s\S]*?" \
"id:941110,\
phase:2,\
block,\
capture,\
t:none,t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls,\
msg:'XSS Filter - Category 1: Script Tag Vector',\
logdata:'Matched Data: %{TX.0} found within %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}: %{MATCHED_VAR}',\
tag:'application-multi',\
tag:'language-multi',\
tag:'platform-multi',\
tag:'attack-xss',\
tag:'paranoia-level/1',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-8',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-22',\
tag:'OWASP_TOP_10/A3',\
tag:'OWASP_AppSensor/IE1',\
tag:'CAPEC-242',\
ctl:auditLogParts=+E,\
ver:'OWASP_CRS/3.2.0',\
severity:'CRITICAL',\
setvar:'tx.xss_score=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}',\
setvar:'tx.anomaly_score_pl1=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}'"
SecRule REQUEST_COOKIES|!REQUEST_COOKIES:/__utm/|REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent|REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer|ARGS_NAMES|ARGS|XML:/* "@rx (?i:(?:<\w[\s\S]*[\s\/]|['\"](?:[\s\S]*[\s\/])?)(?:on(?:d(?:e(?:vice(?:(?:orienta|mo)tion|proximity|found|light)|livery(?:success|error)|activate)|r(?:ag(?:e(?:n(?:ter|d)|xit)|(?:gestur|leav)e|start|drop|over)|op)|i(?:s(?:c(?:hargingtimechange|onnect(?:ing|ed))|abled)|aling)|ata(?:setc(?:omplete|hanged)|(?:availabl|chang)e|error)|urationchange|ownloading|blclick)|Moz(?:M(?:agnifyGesture(?:Update|Start)?|ouse(?:PixelScroll|Hittest))|S(?:wipeGesture(?:Update|Start|End)?|crolledAreaChanged)|(?:(?:Press)?TapGestur|BeforeResiz)e|EdgeUI(?:C(?:omplet|ancel)|Start)ed|RotateGesture(?:Update|Start)?|A(?:udioAvailable|fterPaint))|c(?:o(?:m(?:p(?:osition(?:update|start|end)|lete)|mand(?:update)?)|n(?:t(?:rolselect|extmenu)|nect(?:ing|ed))|py)|a(?:(?:llschang|ch)ed|nplay(?:through)?|rdstatechange)|h(?:(?:arging(?:time)?ch)?ange|ecking)|(?:fstate|ell)change|u(?:echange|t)|l(?:ick|ose))|s(?:t(?:a(?:t(?:uschanged|echange)|lled|rt)|k(?:sessione|comma)nd|op)|e(?:ek(?:complete|ing|ed)|(?:lec(?:tstar)?)?t|n(?:ding|t))|(?:peech|ound)(?:start|end)|u(?:ccess|spend|bmit)|croll|how)|m(?:o(?:z(?:(?:pointerlock|fullscreen)(?:change|error)|(?:orientation|time)change|network(?:down|up)load)|use(?:(?:lea|mo)ve|o(?:ver|ut)|enter|wheel|down|up)|ve(?:start|end)?)|essage|ark)|a(?:n(?:imation(?:iteration|start|end)|tennastatechange)|fter(?:(?:scriptexecu|upda)te|print)|udio(?:process|start|end)|d(?:apteradded|dtrack)|ctivate|lerting|bort)|b(?:e(?:fore(?:(?:(?:de)?activa|scriptexecu)te|u(?:nload|pdate)|p(?:aste|rint)|c(?:opy|ut)|editfocus)|gin(?:Event)?)|oun(?:dary|ce)|l(?:ocked|ur)|roadcast|usy)|DOM(?:Node(?:Inserted(?:IntoDocument)?|Removed(?:FromDocument)?)|(?:CharacterData|Subtree)Modified|A(?:ttrModified|ctivate)|Focus(?:Out|In)|MouseScroll)|r(?:e(?:s(?:u(?:m(?:ing|e)|lt)|ize|et)|adystatechange|pea(?:tEven)?t|movetrack|trieving|ceived)|ow(?:s(?:inserted|delete)|e(?:nter|xit))|atechange)|p(?:op(?:up(?:hid(?:den|ing)|show(?:ing|n))|state)|a(?:ge(?:hide|show)|(?:st|us)e|int)|ro(?:pertychange|gress)|lay(?:ing)?)|t(?:ouch(?:(?:lea|mo)ve|en(?:ter|d)|cancel|start)|ransition(?:cancel|end|run)|ime(?:update|out)|ext)|u(?:s(?:erproximity|sdreceived)|p(?:gradeneeded|dateready)|n(?:derflow|load))|f(?:o(?:rm(?:change|input)|cus(?:out|in)?)|i(?:lterchange|nish)|ailed)|l(?:o(?:ad(?:e(?:d(?:meta)?data|nd)|start)|secapture)|evelchange|y)|g(?:amepad(?:(?:dis)?connected|button(?:down|up)|axismove)|et)|e(?:n(?:d(?:Event|ed)?|abled|ter)|rror(?:update)?|mptied|xit)|i(?:cc(?:cardlockerror|infochange)|n(?:coming|valid|put))|o(?:(?:(?:ff|n)lin|bsolet)e|verflow(?:changed)?|pen)|SVG(?:(?:Unl|L)oad|Resize|Scroll|Abort|Error|Zoom)|h(?:e(?:adphoneschange|l[dp])|ashchange|olding)|v(?:o(?:lum|ic)e|ersion)change|w(?:a(?:it|rn)ing|heel)|key(?:press|down|up)|(?:AppComman|Loa)d|no(?:update|match)|Request|zoom)|s(?:tyle|rc)|background|formaction|lowsrc|ping)[\s\x08]*?=|<[^\w<>]*(?:[^<>\"'\s]*:)?[^\w<>]*\W*?(?:(?:a\W*?(?:n\W*?i\W*?m\W*?a\W*?t\W*?e|p\W*?p\W*?l\W*?e\W*?t|u\W*?d\W*?i\W*?o)|b\W*?(?:i\W*?n\W*?d\W*?i\W*?n\W*?g\W*?s|a\W*?s\W*?e|o\W*?d\W*?y)|i?\W*?f\W*?r\W*?a\W*?m\W*?e|o\W*?b\W*?j\W*?e\W*?c\W*?t|i\W*?m\W*?a?\W*?g\W*?e?|e\W*?m\W*?b\W*?e\W*?d|p\W*?a\W*?r\W*?a\W*?m|v\W*?i\W*?d\W*?e\W*?o|l\W*?i\W*?n\W*?k)[^>\w]|s\W*?(?:c\W*?r\W*?i\W*?p\W*?t|t\W*?y\W*?l\W*?e|e\W*?t[^>\w]|v\W*?g)|m\W*?(?:a\W*?r\W*?q\W*?u\W*?e\W*?e|e\W*?t\W*?a[^>\w])|f\W*?o\W*?r\W*?m))" \
"id:941160,\
phase:2,\
block,\
capture,\
t:none,t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls,\
msg:'NoScript XSS InjectionChecker: HTML Injection',\
logdata:'Matched Data: %{TX.0} found within %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}: %{MATCHED_VAR}',\
tag:'application-multi',\
tag:'language-multi',\
tag:'platform-multi',\
tag:'attack-xss',\
tag:'paranoia-level/1',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS',\
tag:'OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-8',\
tag:'WASCTC/WASC-22',\
tag:'OWASP_TOP_10/A3',\
tag:'OWASP_AppSensor/IE1',\
tag:'CAPEC-242',\
ctl:auditLogParts=+E,\
ver:'OWASP_CRS/3.2.0',\
severity:'CRITICAL',\
setvar:'tx.xss_score=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}',\
setvar:'tx.anomaly_score_pl1=+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}'"三条规则中，每次都会通过setvar关键词，将tx.anomaly_score_pl1变量的值加5，即+%{tx.critical_anomaly_score}，%{}代表获取变量的值。由于匹配了三次，因此此时tx.anomaly_score_pl1的值变成了15。
接下来，REQUEST-949-BLOCKING-EVALUATION.conf文件中的两条规则被执行，ID分别为949060、949110，规则内容如下：
SecRule TX:PARANOIA_LEVEL "@ge 1" \
"id:949060,\
phase:2,\
pass,\
t:none,\
nolog,\
setvar:'tx.anomaly_score=+%{tx.anomaly_score_pl1}'"
SecRule TX:ANOMALY_SCORE "@ge %{tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold}" \
"id:949110,\
phase:2,\
deny,\
t:none,\
log,\
msg:'Inbound Anomaly Score Exceeded (Total Score: %{TX.ANOMALY_SCORE})',\
tag:'application-multi',\
tag:'language-multi',\
tag:'platform-multi',\
tag:'attack-generic',\
severity:'CRITICAL',\
setvar:'tx.inbound_anomaly_score=%{tx.anomaly_score}'"ID为949060的规则表示，当tx.paranoia_level的值为1时，创建变量tx.anomaly_score，同时赋予tx.anomaly_score_pl1变量的值，此时tx.anomaly_score的值也成为了15，然后，ID为949110的规则对tx.anomaly_score变量进行判断，如果大于tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold变量的值，则通过deny关键词进行阻断，而tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold变量初始值为5，15>5，tx.anomaly_score>tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold，条件匹配成功，此次访问被阻断。当然，实际参与此次访问判断的规则并非只有上述规则，本人只是将涉及到此次拦截的规则单独摘取出来，进行拦截流程的简要介绍。
独立控制模式下的审计日志：
---AHNuWePS---A-- [22/May/2020:17:13:41 +0800] 159013882129.161492 116.255.132.12 55959 172.21.0.15 80 ---AHNuWePS---B-- GET /?param=%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(1);%3C/script%3E HTTP/1.1 Host: 49.233.80.239 Connection: keep-alive Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36 Cookie: memSize=1838 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 ---AHNuWePS---D-- ---AHNuWePS---E-- <html>\x0d\x0a<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\x0d\x0a<body>\x0d\x0a<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\x0d\x0a<hr><center>nginx/1.16.1</center>\x0d\x0a</body>\x0d\x0a</html>\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a<!-- a padding to disable MSIE and Chrome friendly error page -->\x0d\x0a ---AHNuWePS---F-- HTTP/1.1 403 Server: nginx/1.16.1 Date: Fri, 22 May 2020 09:13:41 GMT Content-Length: 555 Content-Type: text/html Connection: keep-alive ---AHNuWePS---H-- ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 2). detected XSS using libinjection. [file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/modsecurity/rules/REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf"] [line "37"] [id "941100"] [rev ""] [msg "XSS Attack Detected via libinjection"] [data "Matched Data: XSS data found within ARGS:param: "><script>alert(1);</script>"] [severity "2"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.2.0"] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [tag "application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-xss"] [tag "paranoia-level/1"] [tag "OWASP_CRS"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/WEB_ATTACK/XSS"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-8"] [tag "WASCTC/WASC-22"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A3"] [tag "OWASP_AppSensor/IE1"] [tag "CAPEC-242"] [hostname "172.21.0.15"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "159013882129.161492"] [ref "v12,28t:utf8toUnicode,t:urlDecodeUni,t:htmlEntityDecode,t:jsDecode,t:cssDecode,t:removeNulls"]
上述部分已经阐述，独立控制模式是只要检测到一次威胁就直接拦截此次请求，因此日志显示仅触发了ID为941100的规则。
除此之外，通过DEBUG日志分析，两种模式下所进行的规则匹配次数也不相同。由于DEBUG日志内容过多，因此此处不进行日志内容展示，仅展示最终数据。
当通过访问http://服务器IP/?param=%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(1);%3C/script%3E进行模拟攻击时：
异常评分模式下，包含初始化配置类等相关规则，共有340条规则被执行；
独立控制模式下，包含初始化配置类等相关规则，共有282条规则被执行。
目前本人使用的是独立控制模式。
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